Gejala Stroke yang Sering Diremehkan
27/03/2010 at 3:46 pm No comments
{wihans.web.id} – Jakarta, Stroke adalah penyakit yang menakutkan karena dapat menyebabkan kecacatan dan penderitaan baik bagi diri sendiri maupun keluarga, dalam jangka waktu yang lama bahkan seumur hidup. Sayangnya banyak gejela stroke yang sering diremehkan.
Sebaiknya kenali gejala stoke sejak dini, agar tidak terserang stroke total. Stroke menjadi penyakit penyebab kecacatan nomor 1 dan penyebab kematian nomor 3 di dunia.
Banyak definisi yang diberikan orang awam untuk penyakit stroke. Kelumpuhan sebelah, koma, kejang atau bicara pelo. Tapi definisi stroke menurut Badan Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) adalah terjadinya defisit neurologis mendadak (bukan perlahan), yang menetap lebih dari 24 jam dan disebabkan oleh faktor pembuluh darah atau sirkulasi, yaitu adanya penyumbatan atau pendarahan pada pembuluh darah.
“Defisit neurologis adalah gejala awal pada pasien stroke yang biasanya sering diabaikan. Defisit neurologis akan diketahui oleh pasien sendiri atau keluarga pasien, maka sebaiknya disadari sedini mungkin,” kata dr Ashwin M. Rumawas, dokter spesialis saraf RS Royal Taruma pada seminar awam Kenali Gejala Stroke Secara Dini, di RS Royal Taruma, Jakarta, Sabtu (27/3/2010).
dr Ashwin menjelaskan, biasanya pasien atau keluarga pasien akan mengabaikan gejala-gejala awal ini, sehingga ketika mereka sudah menyadarinya dan membawa ke rumah sakit, stroke yang diderita sudah cukup parah dan menyebabkan stroke total yang susah untuk disembuhkan.
Menurut dr Ashwin, gejala defisit neurologis yang sering diabaikan meliputi:
Perubahan dan penurunan kesadaran
Ada tingkatan dalam kesadaran yaitu:
1. Compos mentis, yaitu ketika seseorang masih tersadar penuh
2. Apatis, yaitu kurangnya respons terhadap keadaan sekeliling, biasanya ditandai dengan tidak adanya kontak mata atau mata terlihat menerewang dan tidak fokus
3. Somnolen, yaitu keadaan dimana seseorang sangat mudah mengantuk dan tidur terus-menerus, tetapi masih mudah untuk dibangunkan
4. Sopor, yaitu kondisi tidak sadar atau tidur berkepanjangan, tetapi masih memberikan reaksi terhadap rangsangan (rasa sakit).
5. Koma, yaitu kondisi tidak sadar dan tidak ada reaksi terhadap rangsangan apapun.
Gangguan fungsi luhur
Gejala-gejala ini paling sering diabaikan oleh pasien atau keluarga pasien, karena dianggap hanya gangguan biasa yang bisa sembuh dengan sendirinya.
Cirinya:
1. Gangguan bahasa (afasia), yaitu kondisi dimana seseorang tiba-tiba tidak mengerti bahasa yang biasa digunakannya sehari-hari.
2. Gangguan mengenal tata ruang (gangguan visuospatial), yaitu kondisi dimana seseorang menganggap semua benda berada pada bidang datar, sehingga ia merasa cukup hanya dengan menjangkau dengan tangan tanpa beranjak, walaupun benda tersebut berada 5 m di depannya.
3. Gangguan berhitung (akalkulia), yaitu jika seseorang tiba-tiba kehilangan kemampuan berhitung dengan soal mudah sekalipun.
4. Gangguan menulis (agrafia), yaitu jika seseorang tiba-tiba tidak bisa menulis namun masih bisa membaca.
5. Gangguan membaca (alexia), yaitu jika seseorang tiba-tiba tidak bisa membaca namun bisa menulis.
6. Gangguan mengenal nama orang atau barang (anomia), bahkan dengan orang atau barang yang sering ditemuinya
7. Gangguan memori (amnesia)
Gangguan sensorik
1. Hemihipestesia (baal atau kurangnya sensitifitas pada 1 sisi)
2. Hemiparestesia (kesemutan 1 sisi)
3. Kesemutan sekitar mulut
4. Gangguan pengecapan atau lidah
5. Nyeri pada satu sisi tubuh
Kejang
1. Kejang fokal, yaitu kejang pada salah satu bagian tubuh (kanan atau kiri saja)
2. Kejang umum, yaitu kejang pada seluruh tubuh
3. kejang absans, yaitu kejang disertai waktu jeda dan kemudian kejang lagi secara berulang-ulang
Gangguan lapang pandang penglihatan
1. Buta mendadak 1 mata atau 2 mata
2. Gelap 1 sisi lapang pandang atau terdapat spot hitam di sekitar pandangan
Gangguan motorik
1. Hemiparesis (lemah sebelah badan, tangan kaki kanan atau kiri saja)
2. Quadriparesis (lemah keempat anggota badan, tangan kaki kanan dan kiri)
3. Paraparesis (lemah kedua kaki)
4. Gangguan gerak otot wajah, biasanya ditandai dengan bentuk bibir yang tiba-tiba miring
5. Gangguan gerak bola mata (oftalmoplegia)
6. Gangguan menelan (disfagia)
Nah, sebaiknya Anda mengetahui gejala-gejala diatas dengan baik, sehingga bila Anda atau keluarga Anda mengalami gejal-gejala diatas dapat segera ditangani dengan baik sebelum terlambat. Gejala stroke yang terlambat untuk didiagnosa akan menyebabkan terjadinya stroke total yang mungkin tidak bisa disembuhkan.
Sunday, January 24, 2010
Monday, January 18, 2010
INDONESIAN SCIENTISTS INVENTED NANO-CANCER THERAPY
Airlanga University’s research team develops nano-technology cancer therapy. Its outcome is more effective, also much cheaper twentieth time as much than foreign medicine.
It is not futile that Andi Hamim Zaidan and his ten other colleagues spent 2 years on research at Airlangga University’s Photon Laboratory, Surabaya. Their research comes out with good results. They succeed in producing prototype of gold nano-particle in 20 and 30 nanometer. Particle in super mini can penetrate into human body, then find and destroy cancer cells.
For selecting cancer cell, said Zaidin Gold Nano-Particle is equipped with smart censor made of antigen polyetilenglycol (PEG). After locking location of cancer cell, the body gets rayed with Photo Thermal Therapy (PTT). Process of electromagnetic wave radiation (commonly using infra red rays) changes light into heat that can terminate cancer cells.
“At this moment, GNP prototype is not equipped with a smart censor as it must undergo characterization in its optic and thermal nature first,” said Dean, Faculty of Science and Technology of Airlangga University, Surabaya.
At the stage of characterization, his side has to cooperate with Physic Optic Laboratory of Airlangga University, as Electron Microscope is required (SEM and TEMP type). This equipment is overly rare in Indonesia.
After the stage of characterization, the research enters experiment therapy in vitro, by cultivating cancer cells out of host. Then, GNP is tested on animal before testing it on human body. At in-vitro and in vivo stage, Zaidan will cooperate with his colleagues in Medical Faculty of Airlangga University.
If it is used as cancer therapy, Zaidan added, the gold particle is better round or in bar. The maximum size is 50 nanometer, so it can freely penetrate into cells. The target of their research is synthesizing GNP with small diameter, i.e. 15 nanometer.
The research of GNP as an instrument of cancer therapy is not the first thing to do. Scores of countries has conducted this since several years ago. However, according Zaidan, his research is different from the side of development of theory and method of synthesis. At the stage of theory, they develop PTT model using GNP and complete carbon nano tube (CNB), starting from simulation of photon to dosimetri therapy.
Dosimetri GNP means the determination of way of ray exposure, duration, power, electromagnetic radiation wave length. Model of PTT is related to photodynamic therapy (PDT). The difference is that PTT does not require oxygen for integration with cell or target network.
PTT can use light with less-energetic wave length so not overly dangerous for cell and other network. “There is no yet a complete theory for this, not to mention on the use of CNT,” said he.
The new other thing from Zaidan’s research team is not synthesizing of GNP with chemical reaction as commonly used in foreign researches. The reason is that the frozen material for synthesis using chemical reaction is overly expensive and must be imported. He exemplifies he finds a material which cost at Rp 3 million a gram.
Therefore, Zaidan’s team searched for local material as a means of synthesis. The new synthesis model is easier and cheaper, without diminishing the level of accuracy and it minimizes side effect.
In comparison, if using imported material, GNP production requires US$ 250 up to US$ 500 per millimeter. If using local material, its production cost is merely at Rp 25,000 per millimeter or 20th time as much cheaper. “So, my prediction, if our research is already accomplished and can be applied, the cost remains at Rp 50,000 , he said. Apart from developing GNP as a means of cancer therapy, Zaidan’s team is also developing CNT as an agent of selective cancer therapy and diagnosis. For diagnosis they try to make contrast agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and biomarker.
Now the research of CNT has just accomplished at the stage of theory and model. While one step behind GNP is experiment, it has entered the stage of experiment.
Airlanga University’s research team develops nano-technology cancer therapy. Its outcome is more effective, also much cheaper twentieth time as much than foreign medicine.
It is not futile that Andi Hamim Zaidan and his ten other colleagues spent 2 years on research at Airlangga University’s Photon Laboratory, Surabaya. Their research comes out with good results. They succeed in producing prototype of gold nano-particle in 20 and 30 nanometer. Particle in super mini can penetrate into human body, then find and destroy cancer cells.
For selecting cancer cell, said Zaidin Gold Nano-Particle is equipped with smart censor made of antigen polyetilenglycol (PEG). After locking location of cancer cell, the body gets rayed with Photo Thermal Therapy (PTT). Process of electromagnetic wave radiation (commonly using infra red rays) changes light into heat that can terminate cancer cells.
“At this moment, GNP prototype is not equipped with a smart censor as it must undergo characterization in its optic and thermal nature first,” said Dean, Faculty of Science and Technology of Airlangga University, Surabaya.
At the stage of characterization, his side has to cooperate with Physic Optic Laboratory of Airlangga University, as Electron Microscope is required (SEM and TEMP type). This equipment is overly rare in Indonesia.
After the stage of characterization, the research enters experiment therapy in vitro, by cultivating cancer cells out of host. Then, GNP is tested on animal before testing it on human body. At in-vitro and in vivo stage, Zaidan will cooperate with his colleagues in Medical Faculty of Airlangga University.
If it is used as cancer therapy, Zaidan added, the gold particle is better round or in bar. The maximum size is 50 nanometer, so it can freely penetrate into cells. The target of their research is synthesizing GNP with small diameter, i.e. 15 nanometer.
The research of GNP as an instrument of cancer therapy is not the first thing to do. Scores of countries has conducted this since several years ago. However, according Zaidan, his research is different from the side of development of theory and method of synthesis. At the stage of theory, they develop PTT model using GNP and complete carbon nano tube (CNB), starting from simulation of photon to dosimetri therapy.
Dosimetri GNP means the determination of way of ray exposure, duration, power, electromagnetic radiation wave length. Model of PTT is related to photodynamic therapy (PDT). The difference is that PTT does not require oxygen for integration with cell or target network.
PTT can use light with less-energetic wave length so not overly dangerous for cell and other network. “There is no yet a complete theory for this, not to mention on the use of CNT,” said he.
The new other thing from Zaidan’s research team is not synthesizing of GNP with chemical reaction as commonly used in foreign researches. The reason is that the frozen material for synthesis using chemical reaction is overly expensive and must be imported. He exemplifies he finds a material which cost at Rp 3 million a gram.
Therefore, Zaidan’s team searched for local material as a means of synthesis. The new synthesis model is easier and cheaper, without diminishing the level of accuracy and it minimizes side effect.
In comparison, if using imported material, GNP production requires US$ 250 up to US$ 500 per millimeter. If using local material, its production cost is merely at Rp 25,000 per millimeter or 20th time as much cheaper. “So, my prediction, if our research is already accomplished and can be applied, the cost remains at Rp 50,000 , he said. Apart from developing GNP as a means of cancer therapy, Zaidan’s team is also developing CNT as an agent of selective cancer therapy and diagnosis. For diagnosis they try to make contrast agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and biomarker.
Now the research of CNT has just accomplished at the stage of theory and model. While one step behind GNP is experiment, it has entered the stage of experiment.
GREEN BUSINESS
GREEN SHOES
RISKA CREATION
Rizka Mirzalina succeeds in positioning her eco-fashion shoes in domestic and foreign market. Linda Chandra and Marc Jacobs become her inspiration. Index carbon of her production stands at 0.4 tons up to 1 tons.
Beginning from the drawing books given to her, Riska as a child likes drawing. At secondary school in 1999, Riska was just for fun designing cell phone and sport shoes in which there is halogen. In 2004, she remembered, Siemens issued a cell phone, the model of which was similar to her previous design.
One of the merits of Riska business is her platform: green business. Green is translated by Riska into not just from recycled material aspect but also into the entire process. “For instance, in every activity I count its trace of carbon every 6 months. My latest carbon index stands at 0.4 tons up to 1 tons.” This is a part of the realization of mission of go green business,” said Riska.
Riska began concerned about environment when she was inspired by her host father, Bryan, in a exchange student program. She was taught to be more concerned not only about environment, but also social and manpower. With a recycled material I can save production cost up to 30%, which then is allocated for manpower. This does happen if they make braded shoes,” she said.
According to Rizka there are two designers that inspire her. They are March Jacobs, Creative Director for Louis Vuitton, fashion house, whose design is much liked by many young generations. The other is Linda Chandra. Linda’s shoes are overly cute in design. Her level is high,” said Riska.
For overseas promotion she was helped when she participated in shoes promotion in Leverkusen, Germany, in November last year. At that time, Bayer chose her as one of four projects in Indonesia in Bayer Young Environmental Envoy 2009. “We learn about environment program and sustainable company,” she said.
In Leverkusen she displayed her green innovation products. The media coverage from Turk, Finland, and Columbia was overly helpful, so shoes order from overseas flew in, such as the Philippines, America, Peru, Switzerland, and Norway.
In next July, Riska will attend World Bank program in Sweden. She is elected as a final of environment competition which will discuss environment issue. Afterwards, she wants to submit her business proposal for final lecture assignment.
From here, she intended to apply for loan for opening a workshop. She wants to known as a shoe designer. Like Channel, not only as a product design, but also as a designer, i.e. Coco Channel,” said Riska.
RISKA CREATION
Rizka Mirzalina succeeds in positioning her eco-fashion shoes in domestic and foreign market. Linda Chandra and Marc Jacobs become her inspiration. Index carbon of her production stands at 0.4 tons up to 1 tons.
Beginning from the drawing books given to her, Riska as a child likes drawing. At secondary school in 1999, Riska was just for fun designing cell phone and sport shoes in which there is halogen. In 2004, she remembered, Siemens issued a cell phone, the model of which was similar to her previous design.
One of the merits of Riska business is her platform: green business. Green is translated by Riska into not just from recycled material aspect but also into the entire process. “For instance, in every activity I count its trace of carbon every 6 months. My latest carbon index stands at 0.4 tons up to 1 tons.” This is a part of the realization of mission of go green business,” said Riska.
Riska began concerned about environment when she was inspired by her host father, Bryan, in a exchange student program. She was taught to be more concerned not only about environment, but also social and manpower. With a recycled material I can save production cost up to 30%, which then is allocated for manpower. This does happen if they make braded shoes,” she said.
According to Rizka there are two designers that inspire her. They are March Jacobs, Creative Director for Louis Vuitton, fashion house, whose design is much liked by many young generations. The other is Linda Chandra. Linda’s shoes are overly cute in design. Her level is high,” said Riska.
For overseas promotion she was helped when she participated in shoes promotion in Leverkusen, Germany, in November last year. At that time, Bayer chose her as one of four projects in Indonesia in Bayer Young Environmental Envoy 2009. “We learn about environment program and sustainable company,” she said.
In Leverkusen she displayed her green innovation products. The media coverage from Turk, Finland, and Columbia was overly helpful, so shoes order from overseas flew in, such as the Philippines, America, Peru, Switzerland, and Norway.
In next July, Riska will attend World Bank program in Sweden. She is elected as a final of environment competition which will discuss environment issue. Afterwards, she wants to submit her business proposal for final lecture assignment.
From here, she intended to apply for loan for opening a workshop. She wants to known as a shoe designer. Like Channel, not only as a product design, but also as a designer, i.e. Coco Channel,” said Riska.
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